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Cross-country Skiing

Synonyms / Other Terms Used

Ski Touring, Ski Track, Ski Trail, Cross-country Skiing Trail, Crosscountry Ski Trail

Category

Activities, Sporting activities, Sports, Winter Sports, Tourism

Message / Function

For notice in general, to signify cross-country ski trails and the activity of cross-country skiing

 

Source Description
Pictogram Cross-country trail for free technique / skating (from Wilder Kaiser) Wilder Kaiser Cross-country skier skiing with free / skating technique
Olympic Winter Games 2018 in Pyeongchang: Pictogram Cross-country Skiing WO'18 Cross-country skier skiing with free / skating technique
Olympic Winter Games 2006 in Turin: Pictogram Cross-country Skiing by Iconologic WO'06 Cross-country skier skiing with free / skating technique
Olympic Winter Games 2010 in Vancouver: Pictogram Cross-country Skiing WO'10 Cross-country skier skiing with free / skating technique
Pictogram Cross-country Skiing from Crans Montana Map Crans Montana Cross-country skier skating
Olympic Winter Games 1976 in Innsbruck: Pictogram Cross-country Skiing by Alfred Kunzenmann WO'76 Side view of human figure with poles making large step, ski below
ÖNORM A 3011 Public Information Symbol No 70: Cross-country Skiing ÖNORM A 3011 Cross-country skier skiing with classic, diagonal-stride technique
NZS 8603 pictogram No 43: Ski touring NZS 8603 Cross-country skier skiing with classic, diagonal-stride technique
Pictogram Cross-country Skiing from Erco Erco Cross-country skier skiing with classic, diagonal-stride technique
Symbol Crosscountry Ski Trail U.S. National
Park Service
Cross-country skier skiing with classic, diagonal-stride technique
Pierce, T. (1996): The International Pictograms Standard, page 136, Pictogram Cross-country Skiing, Esquí de fondo Pierce Cross-country skier skiing with classic, diagonal-stride technique, ski in snow not visible
Pictogram Pict-21: Cross-country Skiing (Centre de ski de fond) from Québec Québec Cross-country skier skiing with classic, diagonal-stride technique
Pictogram Cross-country Skiing Trail (TrailLink) TrailLink Cross-country skier skiing with classic, diagonal-stride technique
Modley & Myers page 114: Ski Track SSRS Cross-country skier skiing with classic, diagonal-stride technique
Pictogram ID21a Starting Point for Cross-country Skiing Track France IISR Cross-country skier skiing with classic, diagonal-stride technique
Modley & Myers page 124, Olympic Winter Games 1972 in Sapporo: Pictogram Cross-country WO'72 Human figure with skis and ski poles, leaning forward
Hora page 93: Pictogram Classic Skiing PC Human figure with skis and ski poles, leaning forward
Pictogram Cross-country Skiing Track SIS Human figure with skis and ski poles
Pictogram Snow Skiing (Esqui na neve) Fiori Human figure with skis and ski poles
Pictogram Cross-country Skiing Track Unknown Human figure with skis and ski poles
Modley & Myers page 88: Old NPS Pictogram Cross-country Skiing NPS Human figure with skis and ski poles
Pictogram Cross-country Skiing Track Unknown Human figure with skis

Note: Some of the examples shown above were mirrored horizontally to contrast differences.

Discussion

Many variants in the selection above display a cross-country skier skiing with classic, diagonal-stride technique. Such symbols are also predominating in current signage. Pictograms regarding free or skating technique are rare and most examples in the table above are from Olympic Winter Games.

In our research we discovered that there is only very limited test data available for the referent Cross-country Skiing:

Results from an Appropriateness Ranking Tests conducted by Gehringer (1976) indicate that for a clear differentiation of cross-country skiing from other skiing activities, symbols like the last few of the table above are insufficient.

When Fiori (2008) examined the map symbol labeled Fiori in the table above on basis of a Comprehension Test, 68.2 % of the responses were classified as correct concerning the referent Esqui na neve, which does not clearly differentiate between Skiing and Cross-country Skiing. Wrong responses were among others 'Visual impairment', an answer not to be expected for variants showing a dynamic cross-country skier using classic diagonal-stride technique as for example in the symbol of ÖNORM A 3011.

Recommendations

CrossCountrySkiing

Based on the test results known and regarding further considerations, we recommend the use of pictogram No 70 of the Austrian Standard ÖNORM A 3011 part 3 to signify the activity of cross-country skiing and to identify cross-country skiing trails in general.

For identifying trails for free / skating technique specific symbols are scarce. Therefore we recommend to develop additional specific versions and study how far they work using a Comprehension Test.

Tests of pictograms of referent Cross-country Skiing

Fiori, S.R. (2008): Mapas para o turismo e a interatividade - proposta teórica e prática. Tese de Doutorado - Depto. de Geografia, FFLCH-USP.

Gehringer, J. (1976): Reihungstest über 18 Begriffe aus dem Sportwesen - Priorität I. Report to the Austrian Standards Institute (ON) dated January 1976, Vienna.

See also

Skiing, Snowboarding, Skibobbing, Ski School
Ski Depot, Ski Storage Room, Ski Rack

 

Updated 2024-08-20 by Ch.Brugger