Synonyms / Other Terms Used
Ski Touring, Ski Track, Ski Trail, Cross-country Skiing Trail, Crosscountry Ski Trail
Category
Activities, Sporting activities, Sports, Winter Sports, Tourism
Message / Function
For notice in general, to signify cross-country ski trails and the activity of cross-country skiing
Source | Description | |
---|---|---|
Wilder Kaiser | Cross-country skier skiing with free / skating technique | |
WO'18 | Cross-country skier skiing with free / skating technique | |
WO'06 | Cross-country skier skiing with free / skating technique | |
WO'10 | Cross-country skier skiing with free / skating technique | |
Crans Montana | Cross-country skier skating | |
WO'76 | Side view of human figure with poles making large step, ski below | |
ÖNORM A 3011 | Cross-country skier skiing with classic, diagonal-stride technique | |
NZS 8603 | Cross-country skier skiing with classic, diagonal-stride technique | |
Erco | Cross-country skier skiing with classic, diagonal-stride technique | |
U.S. National Park Service |
Cross-country skier skiing with classic, diagonal-stride technique | |
Pierce | Cross-country skier skiing with classic, diagonal-stride technique, ski in snow not visible | |
Québec | Cross-country skier skiing with classic, diagonal-stride technique | |
TrailLink | Cross-country skier skiing with classic, diagonal-stride technique | |
SSRS | Cross-country skier skiing with classic, diagonal-stride technique | |
France IISR | Cross-country skier skiing with classic, diagonal-stride technique | |
WO'72 | Human figure with skis and ski poles, leaning forward | |
PC | Human figure with skis and ski poles, leaning forward | |
SIS | Human figure with skis and ski poles | |
Fiori | Human figure with skis and ski poles | |
Unknown | Human figure with skis and ski poles | |
NPS | Human figure with skis and ski poles | |
Unknown | Human figure with skis |
Note: Some of the examples shown above were mirrored horizontally to contrast differences.
Discussion
Many variants in the selection above display a cross-country skier skiing with classic, diagonal-stride technique. Such symbols are also predominating in current signage. Pictograms regarding free or skating technique are rare and most examples in the table above are from Olympic Winter Games.
In our research we discovered that there is only very limited test data available for the referent Cross-country Skiing:
Results from an Appropriateness Ranking Tests conducted by Gehringer (1976) indicate that for a clear differentiation of cross-country skiing from other skiing activities, symbols like the last few of the table above are insufficient.
When Fiori (2008) examined the map symbol labeled Fiori in the table above on basis of a Comprehension Test, 68.2 % of the responses were classified as correct concerning the referent Esqui na neve, which does not clearly differentiate between Skiing and Cross-country Skiing. Wrong responses were among others 'Visual impairment', an answer not to be expected for variants showing a dynamic cross-country skier using classic diagonal-stride technique as for example in the symbol of ÖNORM A 3011.
Recommendations
Based on the test results known and regarding further considerations, we recommend the use of pictogram No 70 of the Austrian Standard ÖNORM A 3011 part 3 to signify the activity of cross-country skiing and to identify cross-country skiing trails in general.
For identifying trails for free / skating technique specific symbols are scarce. Therefore we recommend to develop additional specific versions and study how far they work using a Comprehension Test.
Tests of pictograms of referent Cross-country Skiing
Fiori, S.R. (2008): Mapas para o turismo e a interatividade - proposta teórica e prática. Tese de Doutorado - Depto. de Geografia, FFLCH-USP.
Gehringer, J. (1976): Reihungstest über 18 Begriffe aus dem Sportwesen - Priorität I. Report to the Austrian Standards Institute (ON) dated January 1976, Vienna.
See also
Skiing, Snowboarding, Skibobbing, Ski School
Ski Depot, Ski Storage Room, Ski Rack
Updated 2024-08-20 by Ch.Brugger