Water Polo

Category

Sports, Water Sports, Ball Sports, Team Sports, Sporting Activities, Activities, Recreation, Tourism

Message / Function

For notice in general and to indicate the possibility of playing water polo

	Source	Description
	O'24	Two goals in plan view, two balls above water, frontal view of bathing cap inside rhombus
	BS 8501:2002	Two human figures in water, one throwing a ball, goal above in the background
	O'84	Top parts of two human figures, one throwing a ball, the other trying to reach the ball
	O'88	Top parts of two human figures, one throwing a ball, the other has one arm raised
	O'96	Upper part of human figure in water, throwing a ball
	Dutchicon	Upper part of human figure in water, throwing a ball, ball shown in outline
	Sagamihara	Upper part of human figure with bathing cap, in water, and throwing a ball
	CNIS	Upper part of human figure in water, throwing a ball, water shown as two wavy lines
	O'21	Upper part of human figure in water, throwing a ball, water shown as contour
	Erco	Upper part of human figure in water, throwing a ball, ball shown in outline, water shown as five wavy lines
	O'64	Upper part of human figure in water, throwing a ball, water shown as contour
	O'80	Human figure in water, throwing or catching ball
	O'68	Ball above water, water shown as three wavy lines

Note: Some of the examples shown above were mirrored horizontally to contrast differences.

Discussion

The range of pictograms shown in the table above gives a good impression of the types of images used to indicate water polo: renderings vary from showing two human figures in water with one throwing a ball and a goal above in the background, to simple variants like the pictogram of the Summer Olympics in Mexico 1968, just displaying a ball above water. Pictograms with a human figure reaching out of the water surface and throwing a ball are the variants found most often. This image content probably can be interpreted as a visual stereotype for Water Polo.

We could not find any test data concerning graphic symbols for Water Polo in our database, so we cannot present specific information concerning comprehensibility or some other parameters for one or several of the pictograms presented above.

Recommendations

We suggest to examine available pictograms using the Comprehensibility Estimation procedure to eliminate poor variants and identify the best of the set available, followed by a Comprehension Test. These studies should deliver useful data for recommending the best pictogram. Detailed information about the most frequent responses given in each of the response categories of the Comprehension Test should be provided to correctly judge comprehensibility and improve designs. Also information concerning knowledge about this kind of activity should be collected at the end of the test, as the degree of familiarity with the subject examined has a significant impact on the validity of the data collected.

Tests of pictograms of referent Water Polo

No data from research or tests is available in our database.