American Football

Synonyms / Other Terms Used

Canadian Football, Football Field, Rugby, Rugby Field, Gridiron Football

Category

Sports, Activities, Sporting Activities, Ball Sports, Team Sports, Recreation, Tourism

Message / Function

For notice in general and to indicate the possibility of playing american football or rugby

	Source	Description
	BS 8501:2002	Side view of running human figure catching ball, goal posts in background
	Aicher OAP	Side view of running human figure holding ball
	Aicher OAP	Side view of running human figure holding ball, head protection indicated
	O'21	Side view of running human figure holding ball
	Argentina SSTN	Side view of running human figure holding ball
	Sagamihara	Running human figure holding ball
	Flaticon	Side view of running human figure with helmet, holding ball
	Québec	Human figure throwing ball
	Wien BfS	Side view of human figure preparing ball for kickoff
	Stevy	Curved shape ending at American football between goal posts
	Dutchicon	Tilted American football with lacing above curved shape
	MDCT	American football with lacing and two stripes
	Pichaipong	Side view of football helmet behind tilted American football
	Adrien Coquet	Side view of football helmet, simplified U.S. flag behind
	Melvin Salas	Side view of football helmet
	O'24	Details of rugby field as diagonal arrangement, two footballs in opposing corners

Note: Some of the examples shown above were mirrored horizontally to contrast differences.

Discussion

Images found range from all kinds of human figures with the characteristic ball to renderings of the ball alone or helmets, and combinations of these elements. Some variants include the typical goal posts to ensure a clear differentiation from other kinds of ball sports. In a few pictograms details indicating movement were added, too. The set of symbols above indicates that no single visual stereotype exists to signify American Football or Rugby.

In our research we did not discover any test data on comprehensibility of pictograms used to indicate any of these team sports derived from Rugby Football.

Recommendations

Due to the fact that no data concerning comprehensibility of any pictogram variant is available, we recommend to collect or design more pictograms, and to conduct research using the Comprehensibility Estimation procedure for eliminating poor variants and identifying the best of the set available, followed by a Comprehension Test. These studies should deliver useful data for recommending the best pictogram. Detailed information about the most frequent responses given in each of the response categories of the Comprehension Test should be provided to correctly judge comprehensibility and improve designs. Also information concerning knowledge about this kind of sport should be collected at the end of the test, as the degree of familiarity with the referent examined has a significant impact on the validity of the data collected.

Tests of pictograms of referent American Football

No data from research or tests is available in our database.